Mother Teresa- "The great servant of humanity."

Birth:- 27th August, 1910 Skopje, Macedonia.

Father's Name:- Nikolle Bojaxhiu.

Mother's Name:- Drana Bojaxhiu.

Death:- 5th September, 1997 Kolkata, India.

Mother Teresa was the great servant of humanity. She was the Albanian Catholic nun(religious woman who dedicate their lives to religious devotion and undertake not to marry.) Her original name was Agnes Gonxhe Bojaxhiu. She was born on 27th August 1910 in Skopje, Macedonia. She was the youngest of the three siblings. Her father was a successful merchant and was involved in Albanian politics. He died in 1919 when she was 8 yrs old. After her father's death, her mother raised her as a Roman Catholic.

Agnes was Fascinated by stories of lives of missionaries and their service in Bengal. And then she was decided that she should commit herself to a religious life when she was 12. At the age of 18th, She left her parental home and joined the Sisters of Loreto, an Irish community of nuns with missions in India. In 1929, after her few months training at the institute of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Dublin she came to India.

On May 24, 1931, she took her initial vows as a nun. And from 1931 to 48 she taught geography and catechism at St. Mary's School. Meanwhile she saw poverty in Kolkata(Calcutta) and had deep impact on her. Due to this, she left her job and devote herself to working among the poorest poor of Kolkata(Calcutta). She took a short course with the Medical Mission Sisters in Patana and returned to Kolkata(Calcutta). Where she started an open-air school for slum children.

Soon She was joined by Voluntary helpers and received financial support from Church organization and the municipal autherities. While on October 7, 1950 She received permission from Vatican to start her own order.

'The Missionaries of Charity', whose primary task was to love and care for those persons nobody was prepared to look after. The Missionaries of Charity, which starts as a small order with 12 members in Kolkata(Calcutta), but today has more than 4,000 nuns running orphanages, AIDS hospices, charity centres worldwide, and caring for refugees, the blind, disabled, aged, alcoholics, the poor and homeless and victims of floods, epidemics and famine in Asia, Africa, Latin America, North America, Poland, and Australia.

In 1965, by granting a Decree of Praise, Pope Paul VI granted permission to expand her order to other countries. The order's first house outside India was in Venezuela. Now a days, 'the Missionaries of Charity' has spread in more than 100 countries. Because of her selfless work she has received number of awards and distinctions. Those includes Pope John XXIII Peace Prize(1971), Nehru Prize for promotion of international Peace and Understanding(1972), Balzan Price(1978), Nobel Peace Prize(1979) and Bharat Ratna(1980).

Mother Teresa suffered a heart attack in Rome in 1983, and in 1989 got second. After she received an artificial pacemaker. In 1991, her fight with pneumonia while she suffered futher heart problems. Meanwhile she offered to resign her position of head but nuns of the order wanted her to stay. In April 1996, she fell and broke her coller bone, in August she suffered from malaria and failure of the left ventricle. She had heart surgery but it was clear that her health was declining. Mother Teresa stepped down from the head of Missionaries of charity on March 13, 1997 and just 9 days after she died.

Alfred Nobel- "The founder of Nobel prize"

Birth:- 21 Oct. 1833, Stckholm, Sweden.

Father's Name:- Immanuel Nobel.

Mother's Name:- Caroline Andrietta Ahlsell

Death:- 10 Dec. 1896

Alfred Nobel, who invented the powderful explosives used in modern warfare but also established the World's most prestigious prize for intellectual services rendered to humanity.

Alfred was the third son of Immanuel and Caroline among eight children. Unfortunately four were survived. Immanuel(father) was inventor and engineer, who had invented modern plywood. Alfred was more closed with his mother and displayed a lively intellectual curiosity from an early age. He was interested in explosive and he learned the fundamentals of engineering from his father. During that period his father had failed at various business until moving in 1837 to St. Petersburg in Russia. Where Immanuel grew prospered as a manufacturer of explosive mines and machine tools. Then in 1842, Nobel family left Stockholm to join Immanuel at St Petersburg.

At the age of 16, Alfred was a competent chemist and was fluent in English, French, German, Russian, and Swedish. He left Russia in 1850 to spend a year in Paris studing chemistry and then spent four years in United States working under the direction of John Ericsson, the builder of the ironclad warship Monitor.

When he was returned to Petersburg, he worked in his father's factory. Alfred and his parents returned to Sweden, while his brothers Robert and Ludvig stayed in Russia to salvage what was left of the family business. Alfred then began experimenting with explosives in a small laboratory on his father's estate. In 1862, he built a small factory to manufacture nitroglycerin, which is so volatile so could not be handled with any degree of safty. In 1863, he invented a practical detonator. Which makes his reputation as an inventor and the fortune he was to acquire as a maker of explosives. later then he invented an improved detonator called blasting cap in 1865. But it's remained difficult to transport and extremely dangerous to handle. In fact, his nitroglycerin factory blew up in 1864, killing his younger brother Emil and several people.

Alfred never got married. He had three loves. First love was in Russia with Alexandra who rejected his proposal. Second was with Bertha Kinsky. She was his secretary but she left him and marry to her previous lover. She corresponded with him until his death. She was awarded in 1905 with the Nobel Peace Prize for her sincere peace activities. And third was with Sofie Hess from Vienna. They stayed in contact for 18 yrs and also exchanged many letters. Alfred addressed her as 'Madame Sofie Nobel'. His letters were locked within the Nobel Institute in Stockholm and become the best-kept secret of the time.

In the year 1870-80 he built a network of factories throughout Europe to manufacture dynamite. And he continued to experiment in search of better ones, and in 1875 he invented a more powerful form of dynamite, blasting gelatin which he patented. Again by chance he had discovered a tough, plastic material that has a high water resistance and greater blasting power than ordinary dynamite.

In the year 1895 Alfred had developed chest pain and he died due to cerebral hemorrhage at his villa in San Remo, Italy, in 1896. At that time, his worldwide business empire consisted of more than 90 factories. The opening of his will, which he drawn up in Paris on 27th of Nov, 1895 and had deposited in a bank in Stockholm. That contained a great surprised for his family, friends and the general public. He left the bulk of his fortune in trust to establish what came to be the most highly regarded of international awards, the 'Nobel Prize'. The prize has honored men and women for outstanding achievement in Physics, chemistry, medicine, literature and for work in peace.

The heart touching story of Rani Padmini-"The Queen of Chittor"

Name: Rani Padmini

In 12th and 13th centuries, Rawal Ratan Singh was the King of Chittor. Rani Padmini, the wife of King Rawal Ratan Singh and Queen of Chittor and often a mythological figure for her womanhood and sacrifice.

During those days, the Sultanate of Delhi- the kingdom set up by the invaders was nevertheless growing in power. That time Allah-ud-din Khilji was the Sultan and who made repeated attack on Mewar on one reason and the other.

At the same time Chittor was under the Rule of Rawal Ratan Singh, a brave and noble warrior King. As well a patron of the arts. In his court were many talented people one of whom was a musician named Raghav Chetan. But unknown to everyone, he was also a sorcerer. He used his evil talent to run down his competitor but unluckily was caught red-handed. On hearing this King was angry and he punished Raghav Chetan to send away from his kingdom after blackening his face and making him ride on donkey.

Due to this, Raghav Chetan became an uncompromising enemy of the King. Raghav Chetan made his way towards Delhi with the aim of trying to incite the Sultan of Delhi Allah-ud-din Khilji to attack chittor.

When Raghav Chetan come near to Delhi, was settled down in one of the forests nearby Delhi which the Sultan used frequently for hunting deers. One day he saw the hunt party entering the forest, he started playing a melodious tone on his flute. Hunt party get surprised, and they found Raghav Chetan was playing a flute . Raghav Chetan was then brought before sultan, and the Sultan asked him to come to his court at Delhi.The cunning Raghav-Chetan asked the king as to why he wants to have a ordinary musician like himself when there were many other beautiful objects to be had. The Sultan wondering what Raghav Chetan meant, Sultan asked him to clarify. Then he told about Rani Padmini's beauty, Allah-ud-din's lust was aroused and immediately on returning to his capital he gave orders to his army to march on Chittor.

But he get disappointed, due to the fort to be heavily defended. Hopefull to have a look at the legendary beauty of Padimini, he send word to King Ratan Singh that he looked upon padmini as his sister and wanted to meet her. On hearing this, the unsuspecting Ratansen asked Padmini to see the 'brother'. But Padmini was more wordly-wise and she refused to meet the lustful Sultan personally.

Rani Padmini then convinced by her husband, She agreed to allow Allah-ud -din to see her only in a mirror.On the word being sent to Allah-ud-din that Padmini would see him, he came to the fort with his selected and best warriors who secretly made a careful examination of the fort's defences on their way to the Palace. On seeing Padmini, in a mirror, the lustful Sultan decided that he should secure Padmini for himself. While returing to his camp, Sultan was accompanied for some way by King Ratan Singh. Taking this opportunity, Sultan skillfully kidnapped Ratan Singh and took him as a prisoner into his camp and demanded that Padmini come and surrender herself before Sultan, if she wanted her husband king Ratan Singh alive again.

The Rajput generals decided to beat the Sultan at his own game and sent back a word that Padmini would be given to Sultan the next morning. On the following day at the crack of dawn, one hundred and fifity palaquins (covered cases in which royal ladies were carried in medieveal times) left the fort and made their way towards Sultan's camps. The palanquins stopped before the tent where king Ratan singh was being held prisoner. Seeing that the palanquins had come from Chittor, and thinking that they had brought along with them his queen, king Ratan Singh was mortified. But get surprised, because his queen is not there in the palanquins but her women servant and fully armed soldiers, who quickly freed Ratan Singh and galloped away towards Chittor on horses grabbed from Sultan's stables.

On hearing that, the lustful Sultan was furious and ordered his army to attack on Chittor. But hard as they tried the Sultans army could not break into the fort. Sultan decided to lay seige to the fort. The seige was the prolonged effort to gain the fort. Finally King Ratnasingh gave orders that the Rajputs would open the gates and fight to finish with the besieging troops. On hearing of this decision, Padmini decided that with their men-folk going into the unequal struggle with the Sultan's army in which they were sure to perish, the women of Chittor had either to commit suicides or face dishonour at the hands of the victorious enemy.

The choice was in favour of suicide through Jauhar. A huge pyre was lit and followed by their queen, all the women of Chittor jumped into the flames and deceived the lustful enemy waiting outside. With their womenfolk dead, the men of Chittor had nothing to live for. Their charged out of the fort and fought on furiously with the vastly Powerful array of the Sultan, till all of them perished. After this phyrrhic victory the Sultan's troops entered the fort only to be confronted with ashes and burnt bones of the women whose honour they were going to violate to satisfy their lust.

These women who committed Jauhar had to perish but their memory has been kept alive till today by bards and songs which glorify their act which was right in those days and circumstances. Thus a halo of honour is given to their supreme sacrifice.

Lance Armstrong " The Challenger"

Birth: 18th September 1971, in Plano, Texas

father's Name: Eddie Charles Gunderson

Mother's Name: Linda Mooneyham

Lance Armstrong is an American professional road racing cyclist. Famous for winning the 'Tour de France' a record seven consecutive times (1999-2005) after having survived 'Testicular Cancer'. And also a founder and chairman of the 'Lance Armstrong Foundation' for cancer research and

support.

Armstrong was born on 18th september 1971 in Plano, Texas. His father Eddie Charles Gunderson, was a route manager for 'The Morning News'. And his mother linda, was a secretary. His father left his mother when Lance was two yrs old and 2 children from another relationship. Linda later married to Terry Keith Armstrong, who was a wholesale salesman. And who adopated Lance in 1974. His mother was married and divorced three times in her lifetime. Lance refuses to meet his birth father and he has described Terry Armstrong as deceitful.

When Armstrong was 12 yrs old, he began his sporting career as a swimmer. But he stopped swimming after seeing a poster for junior triathlon which he entered and won easily. In 1987-1988 he was the number one ranked triathlon. And he became a professional triathlete and also a national sprint-course triathlon champion in 1989 and 1990.

It became clear that his greatest talent was for bicycle racing. In 1992, he competed in the Tour of Ireland race. And in 1993, he won the 10 one-day events and stage races and become the youngest riders to win the UCI Road World Championship. He collected the Thrift Drug Triple crown of Cycling twice. In 1995, he won the Clasica San Sebastian and in 1996 he became the first American to win the La Fleche Wallonne.

On 2nd october 1996, when he was 25 yrs, diagnosed with stage three testicular cancer. The cancer spread to his lungs, abdomen and brain. And on first visit to a urologist for his cancer symptoms he was coughing up blood and had a large and painful testicular tumor. Immediate surgery and chemotherapy were required to save his life. Orchiectomy had done to remove his diseased testicles. After surgery his doctor stated that he had less than a 40% survival chance. The standard chemotherapeutic drug for the treatment of this type of cancer is a BEP(Bleomycin, Etoposide, and Cisplatin or platinol) however he chose an alternative VIP(Etoposide, Ifosfamide, and Cisplatin) to avoid the lung toxicity. This decision may have saved his cycling career. Also his brain tumor were surgically removed. His last chemotherapy treatment was received on 13th December 1996. His cancer went into complete remission and he was busy in serious training for racing.

In June 1997, Armstrong met Kristin Richard and married to her on 1st May 1998. They had three children, Luke and twins lsabelle and Grace. The pregnancy was possible through sperm Armstrong banked three years earlier, prior to chemotherapy and surgery. But they filed for divorce in Sept 2003. Armstrong later dating with singer-songwriter Sheryl Crow and split in Feb 2006. Again in Oct 2007 with fashion designer Tory Burch. But the relationship ended after few months. Again he dated American actress Kate Hudson but the relationship ended. In Dec 2008, he announced that his girlfriend Anna Hansen, was pregnant and she gave birth to a baby boy Maxwell on 4 June 2009. The fifth and the last child was born on Oct 2010.

He won two Tour de France stages before his cancer treatment in 1993 and 1995, took 8th and 18th stage respectively. He was droped out in 1996 race after becoming ill. Armstrong's cycling comeback in 1998 after his treatment when he took 4th rank in the Vuelta a Espana.

In 1999, he won the Tour de France including four stages. He beat the secong rider Alex Zulle by 7 min 37 sec. In 2000, he won by 6 min 2 sec over Ullrich. Armstrong again beat Ullrich by 6 min 44 sec and won Tour de France in 2001. In 2002 Ullrich didn't participate due to suspension and Armstrong won by 7 min over Joseba Beloki.

Ullrich return in 2003, but again Armstrong took first place and Ullrich second by 1 min 1 sec. In 2004 Armstrong finished first, 6 min 19 sec ahead of German Andreas Kloden. Ullrich was fourth just 2 min 31 sec back from Armstrong. In 2005, Armstrong was beaten by David Zabriskie in the stage 1 time trial by 2 sec. His Discovery Channel team won the team time trial, while Armstrong won the final individual time trial. Armstrong crossed the line to complete his remarkable record on 24th July to win 7th consecutive Tour. He won by 4 min 40 sec over Basso and Ullrich was third. On the same day , Armstrong officially announced his retirement from professional cycling.

But he was comeback. Armstrong said to his livestrong.org website that 'After talking with my childern, my father, and my closest friends, I have decided to return to professional cycling in order to raise awareness of the global cancer burden.'

Indira Gandhi- "The IRON Lady"

Birth:- 19 Nov 1917, Allahabad.

Father's Name:- Jawaharlal Nehru.

Mother's Name:- Kamala Nehru.

Death:- 31 October 1984, New Delhi.

Indira Gandhi was the first woman Prime Minister of the Republic of India for three consecutive terms from 1966-1977 and the fourth term from 1980 until her assassination in 1984, a total of fifteen years. Also she was the World's longest serving woman Prime Minister.

Indira Gandhi was born on 19th Nov 1917 in Allahabad, to Jawaharlal and Kamala Nehru. She was their only child. Her father was a lawyer and also a leader. Jawaharlal Nehru was more western than traditional and like to live sophisticated lifestyle. Her mother was a religious lady. There was a huge difference between the lifestyle of her parents. Her Grandfather Motilal Nehru was a renowned barrister of that period. Also a well-known member of the Indian National Congress Party.

In 1934-35, after finishing school, Indira joined Shantiniketan, a school set up by Rabindranath Tagore. At that school, Tagore gave her the name "Priyadarshini". (Priya=pleasing, darshini=to look at). At the later time she went to England and sat for the University of Oxford entrance exam. But she failed in that so Indira spent a few months at Badminton school in Bristol. After passing the exam Indira then joined Somerville College, University of Oxford. During this period, she was frequently met with a young Parsi man active in politics, Feroze Gandhi. Whom she knew from Allahabad. Feroze Gandhi was studing at the London School of Economics.

In 1936, her mother, Kamala Nehru, finally died due to tuberculosis after a long struggle. Indira was 18 at that time. And Kamala's husband Jawaharlal Nehru was languishing in the Indian jails that time. In the early 1940, Indira was suffered with chronic lung disease. At that time she was in Switzerland. And maintained long-distance relationship with her father in the form of long letters.

When Indira and Feroze Gandhi returned to India, they were in loved and had decided to get married. Indira liked Feroze's openness, sence of humor and self-confidence. Jawaharlal Nehru did'nt like the idea of the marriage but Indira was very derermined and the marriage took place in march 1942 acconding to the Hindu rules. In 1944, Indira gave birth to Rajiv Gandhi and two years later Sanjay Gandhi.

Both Indira and Feroze Gandhi were members of the Indian National

Congress. In the year 1952, Feroze Gandhi went to run the election from Raebareli Utter Pradesh and become a member of Parliament. During those days, their relationship was strained leading to a seperation. Indira and her two sons lived along with her father in New Delhi while Feroze at Allahabad. Shortly after his re-election, Feroze got a heart attack which leds to his death in September 1960.

During 1959 and 1960, Indira was elected as the President of the Indian National Congress. When Indira Gandhi became the Prime Minister in 1966, the Congress was split in two groups, the socialists led by Gandhi, and the conservatives led by Morarji Desai. In July 196. Indira Gandhi issued order to nationalized all the banks of the country. While in 1971, to solve the Bangladeshi refugee problem, she declared war on Pakistan. India was victorious in the war and Bangladesh was born. In 1974, to strengthen the national security, India successfully conducted an underground nuclear test, unofficially code name "Smiling Buddha" at Pokharan in Rajasthan. Due to this, India become the World's youngest nuclear power.

During the year 1975, due to the trubulent political situation in the country, Indira Gandhi declared "a state of emergency" on 26th June. In between 1975 to 1979 many politicle events was happened. She tactfully handled all the situations. During this period Janata Dal was on the Goverment and was became failure. To divert the people from their failureness they ordered to arrest Indira Gandhi. Indira gained the great sympathy from the people and she then started giving the speeches and highlighted the wrong policies of the Janata Goverment. Next election was held in 1980, Congress returned with high difference and Indira became the Prime Minister again.

The two events of the Indian political history that made Indira's image dull was 'state of emergercy and the operation blue star'. In Sept 1981, a Sikh militant group led by Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale demanded a seperate state of Khalistan. They started motivating the people in Punjab and organized several groups to carry out their plans. They entered into the premises of the Golden Temple to take shelter. Indira Gandhi asked General S.K. Sinha, then Vice Chief of Indian Army to prepare a position paper for assault on the Golden Temple. Sinha adviced her to take an another solution but Indira was sticked to her idea. On the night of June 5 the Indian army storned the Golden Temple led by the Major General Kuldip Singh Brar. Bhindranwale was killed along with his groups by the security forces. But the large number of innocent civilians were also killed.

The impact of this, many Sikhs resigned from the Armed and civil administrative office and also returned their Govermemt awards. On 31 October 1984, Indira's bodyguards satwant Singh and Beant Singh, to take revenge of the Golden Temple assault. They assassinated the Prime Minister Indira Gandhi at her safdarjung Road residence.

Henry Ford - "The Founder of the Ford Motor Company"

Birth: 30 July 1863 Greenfield Township, Dearborn, michigan, U.S.

Father's Name: William Ford

Mother's Name: Mary Ford

Death: 7 April 1947, Fair Lane, Dearborn, Michigan, U.S.

Henry Ford was born on 30 July 1863. His fahter was William

Ford and mother was Mary Ford. They had a farm on which they

grew prosperous. Henry was the first child of William and Mary Ford among six childrens. His maximun childhood time was passed in the one room school and doing farms routine task. But his main interest was in mechanical things. So in 1879, when he was 16 yrs old he left home for

the nearby city of Detroit to work as an apprentice machinist. But occasionally he did the farm

work.

In the year 1888, he got married with Clara Ala Bryant. Henry supported himself and his wife by running a swamill. She always used to stay with Henry. They had a single child Edsel Bryant Ford.But he died before Henry Ford.

Henry Ford became an engineer with the Edison Illuminating

Company in Detroit in 1891. This event was most signified for Henry to dedicate his life to industrial pursuits. He was promoted to Chief Engineer in 1893. Due to this, he had enough time and money to gave to his personal experiments on internal combustion engines. These experiments reached at the highest point of completion in 1896 of his self-propelled vechicle 'The Quadricycle'. But he was not the first to build a self-propelled vechicle with a gasoline engine. However, he was one of the several automotive inventors who helped this country become a nation of motorists.

He established a company to manufacture automobiles, but was unsuccessful twice. But in 1903, the Ford Motor Company was incorporated with Henry Ford. He was the Vice-president and chief engineer of the company. At the starting, the company produced only few cars a day at the Ford factory on Mack Avenue in Detroit. He realized that his dream come true of producing an automobile. Which was reasonably priced, reliable and efficient. He introduced the Model T in 1908.The Model T was easy to operate, maintain, and handle on rough roads. So Model T became huge success.

The demand of the Model T was grawing, so Henry Ford opened a large factory at Highland Park, Michigan, in 1910. Ford's production of Model T made his company the largest automobile manufacturer in the world. The Ford company was the world's largest industrial complex along with the banks of the Rouge River in Dearborn, Michigan during 1910 and 1920. Later on in september 1927, all steps in the manufacturing process from rifining raw materials to final assembly of the automobile took place at the huge Rouge Plant, it was Henry Fords dream of mass production.

Henry Ford opposed war, he thought that was a waste of time. But he and Adolf Hitler admired each others achievement. Adolf Hitler kept a full sized portrait next to his desk. And the message on that was "I regard Henry Ford as my Inspiration."

Due to ill health, in September 1945, Ford give up the presidency to his grandson Henry Ford II and went into retirement. In 1947 Henry Ford was died due to a cerebral hemorrhage, at the age of 83 in Fair Lane, and he was buried in the Ford Cemetery in Detroit.

Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam - "A Missile Man"

Birth: 15 October 1931, at Dhanushkodi in the Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu.
Mothers Name: Ashiamma
Fathers Name: Jainulabiddin



Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam sir was born on 15th october 1931 at Dhanushkodi in the Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu. His full name was "Avul PakirJainulabdeen Abdul Kalam". He is from a middle-class family. His father Jainulabiddin, had to rent the boats to the fishermen. His mother Ashiamma had gained much formal education. His father having quality to innate wisdom, true generosity of spirit and was a spiritual person. His father
commanded a high respect religious man. Dr. Kalam distributed newspapers at a young age to help with household expenses.

Dr.Kalam's primary education was completed in Ramaeswaran. And then he went to Schwartz High School at Ramanathpuram from where he went to Tiruchchirapalli for higher studies. Dr.Kalam was the first graduate from his family. He wrote "By the time I completed my education at Schwartz, I was a self-confident boy with the determination to be successful. The decision to go in for further education was taken without a second thought. To us, in those days, the awarness of the possibilities for a professional education did not exist; higher education simply meant going to college." After completing his B.Sc from St. joseph's college, he joined the MIT (Madras Institute of Technology) for studing Aeronautical engineering. Then he went to HAL (Hindustan Aeronautics Limited) at Bangalore as a trainee.

In 1963-64 he was invited by NASA to spend four months in the US at the Wallops Island Rocketry Centre and the Langley Research Centre. Before he become president of the country, he had divided his career in four phases.
The FIRST phase :
He worked with the Indian Space Research Organization(ISRO). After initiating Fibre Reinforced Plastics activities and spending time with the aerodynamics and design group he joined the satellite launching vehicle team at Thumba. Here he was made the Project Director of the Mission for SLV-3. He played an important role in developing satellite launch vehicle technology and expertise in control, propulsion and aerodynamics. The SLV-3 project managed to put Rohini, a scientific satellite, into orbit in July 1980. Commenting on the first phase of his career Dr. Kalam wrote: “This was my first stage, in which I learnt leadership from three great teachers—Dr. Vikram Sarabhai, Prof. Satish Dhawan and Dr. Brahm Prakash. This was the time of learning and acquisition of knowledge for me.”

The SECOND phase:
When he joined the Defence Research and Developement Organazation (DRDO). As a director, he was entrusted with the Integrated Guided Missile Development Program. Under his leadership India has able to develop strategic missiles. such as Nag, Prithvi, Akash, Trishul, and Agni. About this phase Dr. Kalam wrote:“During this stage, I have gone through many successes and failures. I learnt from failures and hardened myself with courage to face them. This was my second stage, which taught me the crucial lesson of managing failures.”

The THIRD phase:
Dr. Kalam has participation with India's mission to become a nuclear weapon state, joinly undertaken by DRDA and DAE (Department of Atomic Energy). Dr. Kalam as a chairman of the TIFAC, also got involved in the creation of Technology Vision 2020 and the India Millennium Missions (IMM 2020). In Nov 1999 Dr. Kalam was appointed as a principal Scientific Adviser to the Government of India.

The FOURTH phase:
Fourth phase was started when he left the post principal scientific Adviser. Then he joined the Anna University of Chennai as a Professor of technology and Societal Transformation. As part of realizing his mission he decided to ignite the minds of young. For this he wanted to meet atleast 100,000 students in differents parts of the country. Then he became the President of India in 2002.

In 1997 Dr. Kalam was awarded by the highest civilian award of India, the Bharat Ratna. The Government of India has honoured him with the Padma Bhushan(1981), Padma Vibhushan (1990). Also got Dr. Biren Roy Space award, om Prakash Basin Award for Science and Technology, National Nehru award, Arya Bhatta Award.

His favourite quotation:
"We must think and act like a nation of a billion
people and not like that of a million people.
Dream, dream, dream!! Conduct these dreams
into thoughts, and then transform them into action."

Dr. Kalam was the third Precident of the India to have been honoured with a Bharat Ratna before being elected to the highest office . He was the first scientist and the first bachelor who lived in the Rashtrapati Bhavan.
After his workperiod as the Precident he is now a visiting guest professor at JSS University, Mysore. He has agreed to deliver a minimum of four lectures every year..